Salud militar y sus determinantes sociales: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los militares se enfrentan a importantes problemas de salud física y mental, como el trastorno de estrés postraumático TEPT y la depresión. Abordar y prevenir las enfermedades crónicas entre las fuerzas armadas es crucial para la seguridad nacional, y los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS) desempeñan un papel significativo en el estado de la salud militar colectiva. Realizar una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de los elementos sociales que influyen en la salud de los militares puede ayudar a crear políticas y mejorar el bienestar de los miembros en servicio y los veteranos.
Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática se hizo a partir de una búsqueda a través de múltiples bases de datos utilizando palabras clave para identificar estudios publicados en los últimos diez años concernientes a los DSS entre las comunidades militares. La extracción de datos permitió identificar las investigaciones relevantes y, extraer los datos utilizando un formulario estándar para sintetizar los datos mediante una técnica narrativa presentada de forma clara y exhaustiva con tablas y figuras que resumen los hallazgos clave.
Resultados: Al menos trece factores co-determinan los DSS en el ejército. Las variables económicas, como ingresos basados en rango militar y la vivienda, son las más influyentes. Comprender y abordar estos DSS es crucial para garantizar el bienestar del personal militar y promover la salud general de la sociedad. La colaboración intersectorial es necesaria para el éxito en estas áreas.
Conclusiones: Las DSS influyen significativamente sobre el bienestar del personal militar, siendo las variables económicas el factor más determinantes. Abordar estos factores determinantes mediante la colaboración intersectorial y esfuerzos de promoción deben ser las principales prioridades de las organizaciones militares para garantizar la salud de su personal y la salud general de la sociedad.
Palabras clave: Militares; determinantes sociales de la salud; revisión sistemática; equidad en salud; estrategias.
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