Actividad física: beneficios y limitaciones percibidos entre maestros de escuela de Duhok, Irak / Physical activity, perceived benefits from exercise, and barriers among schoolteachers in Duhok, Irak
Resumen
Introducción: La actividad física inadecuada es un factor que contribuye a diversas enfermedades no transmisibles. Los beneficios de ejercitarse regularmente han sido bien demostrados, y la evidencia muestra que los adultos somos cada vez más sedentarios y obesos debido a la falta de oportunidades y obstáculos para la participación en actividades físicas. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende identificar los beneficios y obstáculos percibidos en relación al ejercicio físico entre los maestros de escuela. Métodos: Se evaluaron los beneficios y las limitaciones en torno al ejercicio físico mediante un diseño transversal con 500 maestros de escuela de la ciudad de Duhok, en la región del Kurdistán (Irak). Los profesores se inscribieron mediante muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado desde el 15 de septiembre, 2021 hasta el 1ro de abril, 2022. Se obtuvieron datos sobre sus características sociodemográficas, beneficios y limitantes percibidos en relación a la actividad física y los niveles de su actividad. Resultados: La mayoría de los maestros de escuela (65.8%) tenían un bajo nivel de actividad física. Los beneficios percibidos más importantes del ejercicio fueron: mejora en el aspecto del cuerpo, así como la disposición, la salud mental, el funcionamiento del sistema cardiovascular, la flexibilidad y la capacidad de dormir mejor por la noche. Por otra parte, "muy pocos lugares para hacer ejercicio" fue la barrera más significativa, seguida de otras como "horarios inconvenientes de las instalaciones para hacer ejercicio", "fatiga", "demasiado lejos de los lugares para hacer ejercicio", "cansancio", "limitaciones de tiempo", "responsabilidades familiares" y "sentir vergüenza de hacer ejercicio". Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los niveles de AF y el beneficio del ejercicio, y la puntuación de impedimentos fue de p<0.0001. Conclusiones: Los profesores tienen percepción de los amplios beneficios físicos y psicológicos que conlleva la actividad física. Sin embargo, las limitantes percibidas tienen un gran impacto en sus hábitos de movimiento y están relacionadas con falta de motivación y de autogestión para programar ejercicio físico. Palabras clave: Actividad física, Ejercicio, Beneficios, Salud, Barreras, Profesores de escuela.
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